CAS No.: 94-24-6
Product introduction:Tetracaine (also known as amethocaine) is a potent, fast-acting ester-type local anesthetic used primarily for topical and ophthalmic applications. It belongs to the benzoic acid ester class of anesthetics, structurally related to benzocaine and procaine but significantly more potent and longer-lasting. Tetracaine works by reversibly blocking voltage-gated sodium channels on neuronal membranes, thereby preventing the initiation and propagation of action potentials and producing temporary loss of sensation in the localized application area. Due to its high potency and rapid onset of action (typically within 30 seconds to 2 minutes), tetracaine is particularly valued for procedures requiring brief but profound anesthesia, such as ophthalmic examinations, minor skin surgeries, and needle insertions. Unlike amide-type local anesthetics such as lidocaine or bupivacaine, tetracaine is metabolized by plasma pseudocholinesterases, resulting in a shorter systemic half-life and reduced risk of systemic accumulation. However, its ester structure also carries a higher potential for allergic reactions compared to amide-type anesthetics.
CAS No.:94-24-6
Tetracaine is a white to off-white crystalline powder. Its molecular formula is C₁₅H₂₄N₂O₂ with a free base molecular weight of approximately 264.36 g/mol. The compound is lipophilic and practically insoluble in water. For pharmaceutical applications, tetracaine is most commonly formulated as the hydrochloride salt (tetracaine HCl, C₁₅H₂₅ClN₂O₂, MW 300.82 g/mol), which offers significantly improved water solubility. Tetracaine base is soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, chloroform, and DMSO. The compound should be stored in a tightly sealed container, protected from light and moisture, and is typically available in pharmaceutical-grade purity (≥98% by HPLC) for formulation into ophthalmic solutions, creams, ointments, and gels.
Core Functions:
Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in ophthalmic solutions for topical anesthesia prior to ocular examinations, tonometry, gonioscopy, and minor surgical procedures such as foreign body removal
Topical anesthetic in dermatology for skin preparation prior to venipuncture, intradermal injections, laser treatments, and minor surface surgeries
Component in compounded topical anesthetic formulations for pain management in various clinical settings
Active ingredient in combination products with other anesthetics (e.g., lidocaine) for synergistic and prolonged dermal anesthesia
Research use in pharmacology and neuroscience studies of voltage-gated sodium channel blockade and pain pathway modulation
Reference standard for analytical method development and quality control in pharmaceutical testing
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